Nuitrition in plants
Nutrition is an essential part of life for
all living organisms. Autotrophs and heterotrophs obtain their nutrition in
different ways. Autotrophs, such as plants, obtain their nutrition by
photosynthesis, while heterotrophs, such as animals, must consume other
organisms to obtain their nutrients. Photosynthesis is the process in which
plants use light energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into
glucose and oxygen. This process provides the necessary energy for plants to
grow and thrive. Heterotrophic organisms rely on other sources of nutrition
such as other plants or animals to get the nutrients they need to survive. Both
autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition are essential for sustaining
life on Earth.
Types of nutrition
Nutrition is the process of obtaining
energy and essential nutrients from food. It is an important factor in the
growth and development of living organisms.
Nutrition can be divided into two main
types: autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
Autotrophs
Autotrophs are organisms that are capable
of producing their own food, They are also called producers Producers are
organisms that make their own food such as plants.
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| Green Plant |
Photosynthesis is the most common form of
autotrophic nutrition, which is used by plants to convert sunlight into energy.
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| Long Leaves |
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| Green Leaves |
Leaves
Leaves are one of the most important components of a plant’s anatomy. They play a vital role in photosynthesis and act as factories for the production of food.
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| Green Leaf |
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| Green Factory |
Leaves contain specialized cells called mesophyll, which contain chlorophyll, an essential component for photosynthesis.
Stomata are tiny openings on the leaves that act as gateways
for the exchange of gases to and from the atmosphere. Guard cells regulate this
process and ensure that only necessary gases enter or leave the leaf. Thus,
leaves act as a powerhouse for energy production in plants, thanks to their
intricate structures and functions.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which
autotrophs, such as plants, use sunlight to convert raw materials like carbon
dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates. This process is
powered by chlorophyll, a pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light
energy from the sun. The reaction also requires magnesium and other minerals,
as well as stomata to regulate gas exchange. Photosynthesis is essential for
life on Earth, providing the oxygen we breathe and the food we eat.
Synthesis of food other than carbohydrates
by plants
Photosynthesis is the process by which
plants convert light energy into chemical energy and use it to produce glucose.
This glucose is then used as a source of energy for the plant's growth and
development.
In addition to glucose, plants can also
synthesize proteins, fats and minerals from the nitrogen in air and soil. These
nutrients are essential for the plant's growth and development. Bacteria like
rhizobium in the soil also help in providing nitrogen in the form nitrates to
plants which helps them in synthesizing proteins.
The synthesis of food other than
carbohydrates by plants is an important process that helps them survive in
their environment. It ensures that they have access to all the necessary
nutrients required for their growth and development.
Heterotrophs
Heterotrophic nutrition is a type of
nutrition in which organisms obtain their energy and nutrients from other
organisms. This type of nutrition is seen in animals, fungi, and some bacteria.
Heterotrophic nutrition involves the ingestion of organic molecules from other
organisms, which are then broken down into smaller molecules that can be used
for energy and growth. This process is essential for the survival of many
species as it allows them to obtain the necessary nutrients they need to
survive.
Types of heterotrophic nuitrition
Heterotrophic nutrition is a type of
nutrition in which organisms depend on other organisms for their food. It is
divided into following main types: saprotrophism parasitism, insectivorous
plants and symbiosis.
Saprotrophism
Saprotrophs are organisms that feed on dead
or decaying organic matter. They obtain their nuitrition from them eg mushrooms.
Parasitism
Parasitism is a type of relationship
between two species or organisms where one species benefits at the expense of
the other. The one which benefits is called parasite and the other is called
host.eg lice ascaris etc.
Insectivorous plants
Insectivorous plants are plants that capture
and digest insects as their source of nutrients. Eg Venus fly trap.
Symbiosis
Symbiosis is an interaction between two
different species where both benefit from the relationship. Symbiosis is a term
used to describe the mutually beneficial relationship between two different
species. It is a form of cooperation that has been observed in nature for
millions of years and has been studied extensively by scientists. Symbiotic
relationships can be found in almost every ecosystem, from the deep sea to the
desert. In these relationships, both species benefit from each other in some
way, whether it be through protection, food, or shelter. Symbiosis is an
important part of maintaining balance in nature and understanding how different
species interact with each other.
How soil replenish nutrients
The Earth is an incredibly complex system,
and it relies on a delicate balance of nutrients to sustain life. In order to
replenish these essential nutrients, the Earth has developed an intricate cycle
in which they are recycled and reused over time. This cycle involves the
movement of nutrients from the atmosphere, soil, and water to living organisms,
and then back into the environment. By understanding how these nutrient cycles
work, we can better understand how we can help maintain this delicate balance
for future generations.
Exercise
Question. What is nuitrition? What are its types?
Answer:- The process by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth development and maintenance is called nutrition. It is of two types autotrophic nuitrition and heterotrophic nuitrition.
Question. What is autotrophic nuitrition?
Answer:- The process by which an organism prepare it's own food by the process of photosynthesis is called autotrophic nuitrition.eg Plants. These organisms are called autotrophs or producers.
Question. What is photosynthesis ?
Answer:- The process by which an organism prepare it's own food from raw materials like carbondioxide and water with the help of sunlight in chlorophyll in presence of magnesium is called photosynthesis eg All plants. These organisms are called autotrophs or producers.
Question. What is heterotrophic nuitrition?
Answer:- The process by which an organism obtains it's own food from other organisms is called heterotrophic nuitrition.eg animals. These organisms are called heterotrophs or consumers.
Question. What is saprotrophic nuitrition?
Answer:- The process by which an organism obtains it's own food from dead and decaying organisms is called saprotrophic nuitrition.eg mushroom. These organisms are called saprotrophs.
Question. What is parasitic nuitrition?
Answer:- The process by which an organism called parasite obtains it's own food directly from the body of another organism called host is called parasitic nuitrition.eg cuscuta or dodder or amarbell,ascaris, lice etc.
The parasite gets benefitted from host and host becomes weak and fragile and that some times leads to death.
Parasites are of two types such as ectoparasites (lice) and endoparasites(ascaris).
Question. What is symbiosis?
Answer:- The process or a relationship in which two organisms live togather and get mutually benefited from each other or depend on each other for their existence eg bee and a flower,buffalo and bird.etc.
Solved Textbook Questions
Question 1. Why do organisms need to
take food?
Answer: All
organisms take food and utilize it to get energy for growth and maintenance of
their bodies.
Question 2. Distinguish between a
parasite and a saprotroph?
Answer:
|
Parasites |
Saprotrophs |
|
Parasite feed on living organisms. The organism on which it feeds is called host. |
They feed on dead and decaying. The do not feed on living
orgAnswerisms. |
Question 3. How would you test the
presence of starch in leaves?
Answer: The
presence of starch in leaves can be tested by Iodine test. When we remove
chlorophyll from leaf by boiling it in alcohol and then put 2 drops of iodine
solution, its colour change to blue indicates the presence of starch.
Question 4. Give a brief description of
the process of synthesis of food in green plants.
Answer. The
green plants have chlorophyll in the leaves. The leaves use C02 and water to
make food in presence of sunlight.
Question 5. Show with the help of a
sketch that the plants are the ultimate source of food.
Answer:
Question 6. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Green plants are called _______since
they synthesis their own food.
(b) The food synthesized by the plants is
stored as___________.
(c) In photosynthesis solar energy is
captured by the pigment called________.
(d) During photosynthesis, plants take in
______and release__________.
Answer: (a) autotrophs (b) starch
(c) chlorophyll (d) Carbon dioxide,
oxygen.
Question 7. Name the following:
(i) A parasitic plant with yellow, slender
and tubular stem.
Answer: Cuscuta or Amarbel.
(ii) plant that has both autotrophic and
heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Answer:
Pitcher plant.
(iii) pores through which leaves exchange
gases.
Answer:
Stomata.
Question 8. Tick the correct Answer:
(a) Amarbel is an example of:
(i) Autotroph (ii) Parasite (iii) Saprotroph (iv) Host
Answer. (ii) Parasite
(b) The plant which traps and feeds on
insects is:
(i) Cuscuta (ii) China rose (iii) Pitcher plant (iv) Rose
Answer. (iii) Pitcher plant
Question 9. Match the items in Column with those in
Column II:
Answer:
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Column 1
|
Column II |
|
Chlorophyll. Bacteria Heterotrophs. Amarbel. Pitcher plant.
|
Leaf Nitrogen Animals Parasites Insects |
Question 10. Mark 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if it is false:
(i) Carbon dioxide is released during
photosynthesis. (F).
(ii) Plants which synthesise their food
themselves are called SAPROTROPHs. (F)
(iii) The product of photosynthesis is not
a protein. (F)
(iv) Solar energy is converted into
chemical energy during photosynthesis. (T)
Question 11. Choose the correct option from the following:
Which part of the plant takes in carbon
dioxide from the air for photosynthesis?
(i)
Root hair (ii) Stomata (ii) Leaf veins
(iv) Sepals
Answer. (ii) Stomata
Question 12. Choose the correct option from the following:
Plants take carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere mainly through their:
(i)
Roots (ii) Stem (iii)
Flower (iv) Leaves
Answer.(iv) Leaves
Question 13. Tick Mark () the Correct Choice :
(i) Which one of the following is an
insectivorous plant?
(a) Lichen
(b) Venus fly trap (c)
Mushrooms (d) Yeast
Answer. (b) Venus fly trap
(ii) Two different organisms living
together and both benefitting from each other, are known as
(a)
Saprophytic (b) Symbiotic (c) Parasitic (d)
Heterotrophs
Answer. (b) Symbiotic
(iii) Tiny pores on the surface of
leaves are
(a)
Lamina (b) Stomata (c) Chlorophyll (d) Leaf scale
Answer. (b) Stomata
(iv) Which of the following is the green
colour pigment in leaves:
(a)
Protoplast (b) Chloroplast (c)
Chlorophyll (d)
Anthocyanin
Answer. Chlorophyll
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