Transportation in plants

Transportation in plants is a process of movement of materials from one part of the plant to the other. It is essential for the proper functioning of the plant and helps in providing essential nutrients to the various parts of the plant. Transportation in plants can be divided into two categories namely xylem and phloem.

Xylem is the vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the different parts of the plant. It consists of xylem vessels, xylem tracheids and xylem parenchyma. Xylem vessels and xylem tracheids form the main channels for the transportation of water and minerals. The water is absorbed by the root hairs and is transported through the xylem vessels and tracheids. The xylem parenchyma helps in maintaining the turgidity of the xylem vessels and tracheids. 

Phloem is another type of vascular tissue that transports food substances from the leaves to the various parts of the plant. It consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers and phloem parenchyma. The sieve tubes carry the food substances from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. The companion cells help in maintaining the turgidity of the sieve tubes. The phloem fibers help in providing strength to the phloem and the phloem parenchyma helps in maintaining the turgidity of the sieve tubes.

Transpiration is the process of water loss from the leaves in the form of vapor. This process is essential for the transportation of water and minerals from the roots to the various parts of the plant. Translocation is the movement of food substances from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. This process is essential for providing food to the various parts of the plant. 

In conclusion, transportation in plants is essential for the proper functioning of the plant. It helps in providing essential nutrients to the various parts of the plant. Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissues responsible for transportation in plants. Transpiration and translocation are the two processes essential for the transportation of water and food substances from the roots to the various parts of the plant respectively.

Transportation in plants is the process of movement of materials within the plant body. It is an important process for the survival of the plant as it helps in the circulation of nutrients, minerals and water from the soil to the various parts of the plant. It also helps in the transportation of photosynthetic products from the leaves to other parts of the plant. 

Transportation in plants takes place through two main types of vascular bundles, namely xylem and phloem. Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves, while phloem is responsible for transporting photosynthetic products from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. 

The structure of xylem and phloem is quite complex, and it is composed of different types of cells. Xylem is composed of tracheids, vessels and xylem parenchyma, while phloem is composed of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma. 

Transpiration is an important process for transportation in plants, as it helps in the movement of water from the soil to the other parts of the plant. This process is facilitated by the presence of root hairs, which are small outgrowths on the surface of the root. Root hairs increase the surface area of the root, allowing it to absorb more water from the soil. 

Translocation is another important process for the transportation in plants. It involves the movement of photosynthetic products from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. This is done through the phloem, which transports these products in the form of sucrose and other sugars. 

In conclusion, transportation in plants is an essential process and is facilitated by two main types of vascular bundles, namely xylem and phloem. The xylem helps in the transportation of water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves, while the phloem helps in the transportation of photosynthetic products from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. Transpiration and translocation are two important processes that help in the transportation of water and photosynthetic products in the plant. Root hairs play an important role in the transpiration process by increasing the surface area of the root.

Transportation in plants is an essential process to enable the exchange of materials between different parts of the plant. It is the process of moving materials, such as nutrients and water, from one part of the plant to another. To facilitate this transport, plants have specialized cells, like xylem and phloem, which are responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Xylem is the material that transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, while phloem is the material that transports food from the leaves to the roots. Xylem is made up of cells that are arranged in a way that water and minerals can move up the stem of the plant. The xylem cells are connected to each other by protoplasts and pits, providing a continuous pathway for water to flow up the stem of the plant. The root hairs of the plant also play an important role in the transportation process as they absorb water and minerals from the soil. 

Phloem is made up of cells that transport food from the leaves to the roots. These cells are arranged in a way that allows food to move up and down the stem of the plant. The phloem cells are connected to each other by sieve plates and companion cells, providing a continuous pathway for food to flow through the plant. 

Transpiration is the process in which water evaporates from the leaves. This process helps to cool the leaves and also helps to pull more water up the stem of the plant. Translocation is the process in which food is transported from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. This process helps to ensure that the plant receives the necessary nutrients to grow and stay healthy. 

Transportation in plants is a vital process that enables the exchange of materials between different parts of the plant. The xylem and phloem cells, as well as the root hairs, play an important role in this process, allowing for the transportation of water, minerals and food throughout the plant. Transpiration and translocation are also important processes that help to ensure that the plants have the necessary resources to survive and thrive.

Transportation in animals is a complex process that involves the movement of oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body. The heart is the main organ responsible for this transportation system. It pumps blood through arteries and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body. The blood consists of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and plasma. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to it. This process of circulation ensures that all parts of the body are supplied with essential nutrients and oxygen for proper functioning.

Heart

The human heart is an amazing organ that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles, which are connected by valves. The heart also contains a network of arteries and veins that carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to and from the heart. Blood cells, plasma, and other substances are also circulated through the heart. This article will discuss the structure and function of the human heart in detail.

JKBOSE Textbook Questions

EXERCISES

(1) Multiple Choice Questions - Tick mark (✓) the correct choice.

(1) In plants, materials are transported through

(a) xylem

(b) xylem and phloem

(c) phloem

(d) root hair

(2) Food is transported in the plants through

(a) xylem

(b) root hair

(c) phloem

(d)diffusion

(3) Water absorption is more because

(a) of xylem

(c) of phloem

(b)

(d)

(4) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plant

in dim light

covered with a polythene bag

(a) in bright light 

(b)more water is required by the plantbody

(c) in the shade

(d)of more transpiration

(5) The colour of blood is red due the presence of

(a) chlorophyll

(b) anthocyanin

(c) haemoglobin (d) red blood cells

(6) In an adult normal rate of heartbeat is

(a) 72 times per minute (b)92 times per minute 

(c) 82 times per minute (d) 62 times per minute

(7) Blood cells which protect the body from infection are

(a) RBCs

(b) Platelets

(c) WBCS

(d) Haemoglobin

4. The liquid part of blood is called

(II) Fill in the blanks:

1. In most animals, circulation is brought about by a liquid called.......

2. Blood moves through tubes called........

3. Two useful things that are circulated in all animals are...........and............

5. The substance in red blood cells that links up with oxygen is called..........

6. The red colour of the blood is due to the presence of.........

7. Excretion of wastes in unicellular organisms takes place by..........

8. Getting rid of waste materials in living beings is called............

9. Most liquid wastes are excreted through the..........

10. Skin helps in the excretion of water and.............

11.In man, carbon dioxide is excreted through...........

12. Kidneys are made up of a number of filters called...........

13. Kidneys are connected to the urinary bladder by long tubes called.............

14. Artificial kidney machines work on the principle of..........

(III) Match the Column A with those in Column B        

Column A.                     Column B

1.Heart.                           (a) A living pump

2. Food and oxygen.     (b) Can poison an organism

3. Waste products.         (c) Movement of materials

4. Carrier of oxygen.     (d) Materials needed by every living thing.

5. Circulation.                 (e) Pipes for transport in man

6. Arteries and Veins.     (f) Red blood cells

(IV) Write true or false in front of the statements given below: Statements

(True/False)

1. In spirogyra, transport of materials takes place through osmosis.

2.Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues.

3.Girdling experiment demonstrates food synthesis in plants.

4.Platelets help in clotting of blood.

5. In Hydra, excretion takes place through diffusion.

(V) Answer the following questions:

1. How does transport of materials take place in unicellular plants?

2. Define diffusion.

3. What are two aspects of transport in higher plants?

4. Mention the functions of (a) Xylem and (b) Phloem.

5. Name a process by which water loss takes place in plants.

6. Define the following:

(1) Circulatory system

Arteries

7. Name the main parts of the circulatory system.

8. Mention the functions of blood.

9. Describe the functions of the following:

 (i) Heart

(ii) Red blood cells

(iii) Platelets

(iv) Veins

(v) Blood vessels

(vi) White blood cells

10. Describe, in brief, the circulatory system in human beings.

11. Name the organ from which oxygenated blood goes into the heart.

12. Define excretion.

13. How does excretion occur in lower animals?

14. Why is the process of excretion important for living beings?

15. Name the various organs of excretion in humans.

16. What waste products are removed by the following parts?

(a) Skin

(b) Kidneys

(c) Lungs

(d) Large intestine

17.Define sweating.

18.Name the organs of excretion in earthworms, insects and vertebrates.

19. What is the importance of sweating?